TRANSLATION STRATEGIES: ADAPTATION, CALQUE, AND LITERAL TRANSLATION

Abstract

Translation is a crucial activity that bridges linguistic and cultural divides. Among the wide array of translation strategies, adaptation, calque, and literal translation stand out for their distinct approaches to transferring meaning from one language to another. This paper explores the definitions, applications, and implications of these three strategies, emphasizing how each method contributes to preserving meaning, culture, and communicative function in the target text. Through comparative analysis and practical examples, the article demonstrates how translators strategically select among these techniques depending on context, audience, and purpose.