ACCOUNTABLE DEBT AFFECTING THE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES AND METHODS OF ITS DETERMINATION

Abstract

Accountable debt plays a critical role in shaping the financial stability, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability of enterprises. Unlike general liabilities, accountable debt is directly associated with clearly identified obligations, responsible entities, and traceable repayment mechanisms. In modern corporate finance, the effective management and accurate determination of accountable debt have become increasingly important due to growing financial complexity, heightened transparency requirements, and stricter regulatory frameworks. This research paper examines the economic nature of accountable debt, its influence on enterprise activities, and contemporary methods used for its determination and evaluation. The study integrates theoretical perspectives from financial management and accounting with practical analytical tools, including ratio analysis, cash flow assessment, and risk-based classification. The paper argues that systematic identification and measurement of accountable debt enhance financial discipline, reduce insolvency risks, and support informed managerial decision-making. Recommendations are proposed for improving accountable debt management through integrated financial monitoring systems and institutional controls.