STUDY ON REDUCING THE RISK OF DAMAGE TO HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES AND INCREASING THEIR STRENGTH UNDER DEFORMATION

Abstract

Hydraulic structures are among the most critical infrastructure facilities, and their failure can lead to severe economic, environmental, and social consequences. This study focuses on reducing the risk of damage to hydraulic structures and increasing their structural strength under deformation through the rational selection and assessment of inert construction materials. Particular attention is paid to emergency processes occurring in coastal slopes and foundations, such as erosion, subsidence, bulging, and washout, which significantly affect the operational reliability of hydraulic facilities.

The research is based on comprehensive laboratory investigations of sand, gravel, and crushed stone conducted at the construction materials laboratory of JSC “Hydroproject” in accordance with current national standards and regulatory documents (GOST). The granulometric composition, fineness modulus, bulk density, content of dust and clay particles, percentage of fine and needle-shaped grains, and crushability grade of aggregates were experimentally determined. Sieve analysis methods were applied to evaluate particle-size distribution, while compliance with GOST 8735-88, GOST 8736-85, GOST 10268-80, and GOST 26633-91 was systematically assessed.

The results showed that the investigated sands correspond to coarse and coarsened sand classes with fineness modulus values ranging from 2.44 to 3.15 and acceptable levels of clay and dust particles. The coarse aggregates satisfied the regulatory requirements for use in concrete and foundation strengthening, with a crushed stone strength grade of M1200. The obtained parameters confirm the suitability of the studied inert materials for reinforcing the foundations of hydraulic structures and enhancing their resistance to deformation and emergency impacts. The findings can be applied in the design, construction, and rehabilitation of hydraulic facilities to improve safety and durability under complex loading conditions.