BASIC CONCEPTS OF LEXICOLOGY

Abstract

This article discusses the definition and concept of a lexeme in lexicology, its polysemy, changes in the vocabulary of a language, and the reflection in the vocabulary of social, territorial, and professional characteristics of people who speak this language. In lexicology, we also study the layers of words that are distinguished on different grounds: by origin, by historical perspective, by the sphere of use, and by stylistic coloring. The term "lexeme" is considered, in various areas of linguistics, sometimes as the basis of a word that expresses a constant lexical meaning, in contrast to inflectional morphemes that express grammatical meaning and the lexeme as a word is an independent unit of language, considered in the totality of its forms and meanings. Different paradigmatic forms (word forms) of a single word are combined into one lexeme. In a number of concepts, different semantic variants of the word are included in the lexeme, depending on the context in which it is used. The formal unity of the token is ensured by the unity of inflectional on the basis of its word forms belonging to a certain part of speech (unity of the so-called categorical values) belonging to a certain inflectional type, and semantic unity and semantic connection between the individual lexico-semantic variants of a single lexeme.