THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR (1618–1648) IN EUROPE AND ITS HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
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Abstract
Abstract. This article analyses the causes, principal phases, military-political course and conclusion of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) that engulfed Europe. It demonstrates how a conflict that began as a religious confrontation within the Holy Roman Empire evolved into a pan-European geopolitical struggle. The author examines the war’s catastrophic demographic and economic consequences, the decline of the Holy Roman Empire, the ascendancy of France, and the war’s decisive role in the formation of the modern system of state sovereignty and international law. The essence of the so-called “Westphalian system” and its relevance to contemporary international relations are also discussed.
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