THE IMAGE OF THE EPIC RIVAL: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE ARTISTIC EVOLUTION OF AHMAD SARDOR IN THE “GOROGLI” EPICS

Abstract

This article examines the genesis of the rival image and its interpretation in literary and folklore studies, and analyzes the poetic nature and plot function of the internal rival of the “Gorogli” cycle, Ahmad Sardor (Ahmadbek). Using comparative-historical, structural-typological and textological methods, the study distinguishes the literary image from the epic image and substantiates the term “epic rival.” It traces Ahmad Sardor’s evolution from “tutor-patron” to “internal antagonist,” classifies the dastans according to his role in the plot, and compares his interpretation across variants and regional storytelling schools. Four explanations of the motif of his impunity are identified and shown to be complementary: the stability of his epic role, the status of the maternal uncle, survivals of matrilineal order, and the compositional need to sustain internal dramatic tension. Typological parallels with the Turkmen character Ganjimbek indicate that Ahmad Sardor has ancient mythological roots rather than being a late addition to the epic.